Belting for driving machinery



(No Model.) y

A. BROADNAX. BELTING FOR DRIVING MACHINERY.

PatentedApr. zo, 1886.

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UNITED STATES PATENT Fries.

Aiuos BROADNAX, vOF BROOKLYN, New YORK.

BELTING FOR DRIVING MACHINERY.

'ILEECIFLCATIQN forming part of Letters Patent No. 340,280, dated April.20, 1886.

Application liled November Q3, 1585. Serial No. 193,610. (No model l T0all 10.71.0712, it may concern:

Be it known that I, AMos BROADNAX, a citizen of the United States,residing at Brooklyn, Kings county, in the State of New York, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in -Belting for DrivingMachinery, of which the following is a description in such full, clear,and exact terms as to enable any one skilled in the arts to which itappertains or with which it is most nearly connected to make and use thesame, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making part ofthis specification, and to the figures and letters of reference markedthereon, similar letters representing the same parts in the differentfigures.

Figurel is a plan of the inside ofthe belt, intended to run next thepulley, one end of it being shown in sections, exposing the severallaminfe of canvas and paper of whiclithe belt is composed. Fig. 2 is aplan of the outside of the belt, showing how its ends are joined witheyelets,and the rows of stitchingby which its several lamin are heldtogether. Fig. 3 is a cross-section of Figs. l and 2. Fig. 4 is across-section of a similarbelt, only thinner, the same being composed ofv but two double laminre of paper and two single laminae of canvas, butfolded in the same way that Fig. 3 is folded, the latter being composedof three double lamin of paper and two single laminze of canvas. Figs. 5and 6 are transverse sections of similar belts of canvas and paper, buthaving the canvas and paper differently folded to constitute the belt.Fig. 7 is one form of the unfolded canvas and paper, and is intended toillustrate one method of folding such canvas and paper of which the beltis composed. Fig. 8 is a cross-section of a laminated paper beltcomposed of double laminte of paper stitched together and covered withshellac or other suitable varnish to protectit from dampness; or it maybe made of water-proof paper.

The invention consists of a new article of manufacture, being alaminated belt composed of paper and canvas or of a compilation ofdouble-laminated paper only stitched together by parallel rows ofstitching and'folded, as hereinafter set forth.

I am aware that a paper belt as such is old. I am also aware that alaminated canvas belt is old; but I am not aware that there is any beltcomposed wholly of paper or of paper and canvas made upon the plan of mybelt-that is, embracing the features ot' my invention.

The belt ot' my invention may be made in various ways, all beingmodifications of the same thing. For example, assume A, Fig. 7, to be astrip of tighthard woven canvas having, by preference, its warp -threadstouter *than the weft, by which a thin strong cuir vas is produced, andwhich may be woven to the desired width and length. This canvas is firstsaturated with linseed -0il. The oil is then squeezed out of it betweensuitable rollers, after which it is put into a suitable stretching frameor machine, such as is now in use, by which the canvas isv stretcheduntil its tensile elasticity is exhausted. The canvas being thusstretched, it is allowed to remain in the stretcher until the oil hassufficiently dried to set upon the liber and lose its iiuid quality, butwhile the canvas and'oil are still soft and pliable,itis stretchedorspread out upon a suitable table, and covered with one, two,l or morestrips oi' paper of the desired thickness, and of the same size as thecanvas. The edges c ofthe canvas and paperare then folded over on theline c, making the folds at I), after which are folded b and I) uponeach other. The result is a belt composed of fou r thicknesses of canvasand four thicknesses of paper, if the paper be of but a single thicknessbefore folding; but if the paper be of two thicknesses beforefolding,the result will be a belt composed of four thicknesses of canvas andeight thicknesses of paper, and so on, the paper and canvas beinginterfolded, as above set forth, and the whole being thus sewed togetherby parallel rows of stitching, close enough to insure the necessarystrength and to 'draw the several lamina; hard together. The belt,beingthus completed, is thoroughly painted on the outside, and is ready foruse as soon as the paint is sufficiently dried. f

The belt thus produced has great strength and durability, and isabsolutely non-elastic, and being once properly drawnover the pulleysand itsends properlyj oined, need never be cut to take it up, as ityields no slack, or practically no slack,in operatin g. The tensileelasticity of they canvas being exhausted be- IOC fore folding it withthe paper, and the paper itself having no tensile elasticity, theresulting belt is as firm as a metal band.

lt will be observed that the canvas is stretched before folding, so asto equalize the strain on the canvas and paper, the canvas being elasticand the paper non-elastic. lf the canvas were folded with the paperbefore stretching, 'all the strain would come upon4 the paper, and thecaiwasryielding to the strain of the applied power would disrupt thebelt, and of course the canvas could be neither stretched nor oiledafter folding it with the paper without saturatiug and breaking thepaper and destroying the belt. The oil in this construction of beltmakes the canvas quite pliable, and is necessary to protect boththepaper and canvas from dampness, and to keep the latter from cuttingwhen the belt is operating on a small pulley, while at the same time,the oil being sufiieiently dried before the canvas is folded with thepaper, does not affect the integrity and strength of the paper, whichboth the. oil and canvas'are intended to protect, not only fromdampness, but also from abrasion, the fiber oi the canvas being reliedupon to, protect the paper and to hold the stitching in this form ofconstruction.

The belt made up as above described gives good results, especially upona large pulley, but for ordiuarysizrd pulleys in general use a cheaperand better method of making the belt is as follows: Cut the paper instrips twice as wide as it is desired to make the belt, then fold overthe two edges, as shown by d e in Fig. 4,

until they meet in the centeratf. The result is' a belt half the widthof the paper strips, consisting of two thicknesses of the paper or onefolded lamina. Now. make as many of these folded laminas as may benecessary to produce the necessary thickness and strength of belt,piling them one upon the other, as shown in Fig. 3. Then take a stri pof canvas of the necessary width treated in oil,dried,and stretched asbefore, and wrap it around the paper laminas, drawing its edgestogether, as at g, by a coarse over and under hand stitching, as shownby h, Fig. l. Then stitch the whole (paper and canvas) together, asbefore, and as shown by Figs. 2 and 3, painting the belt on the outside,as before. The method of building up the belt upon this plan is plainlyshown by Figs. l and 3, c, Fig. 1, representing the canvas; l), the topside of the folded paper laminae, which is cut away to show a section,P', of the bottom side of the same double lamime. By this method ofmaking the belt both of its edges are made exactly alike, and eachfolded or double lamina is independent of all the others, being heldtogether only by the stitching, so that the several double laminte canaccommodate themselves to the periphery of the pulley independently ofeach other, the stitching yielding sufficiently to allow the severaldouble laminae t-o slip slightly upon each other, suflicient to avoidwrinkling of the inside lamina. rlhis is a feature of the greatest valuein the case of belts intended to run upon small pulleys, as it preventsthe belt from cutting its inside laminte by crimping upon the face ofthepulley, and it also equalizes the strailrupon the severallamin composingthe belt. This feature of the belt will be best appreciated by referenceto Fig. 9, which illustrates a longitudinal section of the belt composedof four double lamime. Assume, now, that all these laminae be gluedtogether, so as to form in substance but one thickness of paper.Allthree of the inside laminte would crimp in bending around thepulley,throwing nearly the whole strain on the outside laminae, andrapidly cutting ott' the inside one,whereas if the several laminae,instead of being glued together, be simply sewed sufficiently to holdthem, they will slip upon each other in drawing around the pulley,making the outside lamime longer than the inside ones, theins'idelamintc drawing smooth upon the surface of the pulley, and thesuccessive outside laminte drawing smooth upon each other, and eachtaking their due proportion of the strain upon the belt.

From the foregoing statement it will be s cen that if the feature abovedescribed is to be made available the several lamina; of the belt cannotbe glued together, nor can the belt be stitched with too tight atension, so as to deprive the belt of its pliability.

Another advantage of making the belt as above described consists of thefolded edges of the several double lamnae, there being no raw edge ofthe paper at the edge of the belta feature that adds very greatly to thestrength and durability of the belt.

Small belts to be operated indoors may be made upon the plan abovedescribed wholly of paper with excellent results, the belt beingthoroughly varnished on the outside with a good pliable varnish,especially in all cases where no shifting-fork is used on the belt.

Instead of making the belt as above described, it may of course be madeby folding the paper upon itself, as shown by Fig. 6, thetolded paperbelt being inclosed in canvas treated as before; but a belt made in thisway is not so good as that last described, for the reason that eachlamina is a part of al1 the others, so that the one cannot slip on theother and draw smooth upon themselves and upon the pulley. The insidelaminae in this case will kink or wrinkle upon the surface of a smallpulley and go rapidly to pieces.

As a substitute for the paper, a material known as vulcanized fiber7 maybe used, either single or double, with good results, in combination withthe canvas or without it, and in some cases this same material may beused as a ysubstitute for the canvasas a suitable casing for the paper,and as a substitute for the canvas leather may be used, even splitleather makes a very good protecting and binding casing for the paper;but the best material IOO IOS

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to -nse in combination with the paper is canvas treated as abovedescribed. The paper best adapted for the purpose is longfibered hemp ormanila paper, quite thin, made with good sizing and well calendered butany strong paper is well adapted for the purpose.

In making the belt I have used the various belting glues, pastes, orcements for cementing or gluing together the respective double laminaeof the paper, and also the leather or canvas on the paper; but I preferto make the belt without any glue or cement of any kind. The belt isstrong enough without the glue or cement, is more pliable, and cheapervto make.

It will be observed that in the manufacture of this belt a folded feltedfabric (paper) and a textile spun fabric (cloth and thread) arecombined, the paper being used on-account of its non-elastic firmness,and folded to augment its strength, the thread being used to imite theseveral laminie of the paper or paper and cloth, and the cloth toprotect the paper from abrasion, the paint and oil being used to softenthe cloth and protect both it and the paper from dampness, the oilingapplied to the cloth and sufficiently dried to prevent it from beingabsorbed by the paper before the cloth and paper are combined together.In many cases, however, the oiling may be omitted and the belt be simplypainted on the outside, and where the belt is to be used in a dry roomboth the oil and paint may be omitted, and in many cases the stretchingof the canvas may also be omitted, the paper in that case supplying thestrength and firmness, the canvas being used merely to protect thepaper. It is better, however, to

f stretch the canvas before combining it with the paper; but in -no casemust the belt be put in the stretchers after it is stitched, although itis very much improved by passing it through a set of calender-rollers tocompress and smooth it.

Having now described my improvement in machine-belting, the points orfeatures of novelty as they are at present understood are designated inthe following claims, for which I desire to obtain Letters Patent, itbeing understood that leather is a substitute for the canvas, and thatvulcanized fiber or other well- L known material adapted for thispurpose may be used as a substitute for the paper -or canvas withoutdeparting from the substance of the invention. Y

I claiml. A laminated belt consisting of folded laminee of paper andcanvas combined and stitched together, substantially as described.

- 2. In a belt consisting of canvas and paper,

the paper folded in double lamin independently of each other and of thecanvas, the paper laminae being inclosed by the canvas and stitched,substantially as described.

3. In a belt consisting of canvas and paper, the paper and canvasinterfolded and stitched together, as set forth.

4. In a belt composed of canvas and paper, the combination of stretched,oiled, and dried canvas with paper inclosed by the canvas, the paper andcanvas being united to form the belt.

5. A belt consisting of several separate laminae of paper infolded,covered, and stitched together, substantially as described.

G. A belt consisting ofv separate laminee of paper combined with canvas,said canvas inclosing the paper and united thereto to form the belt,substantially as described.

- AMOS BROADNAX.`

Witnesses:

Crus. C. BULL, J. EDGAR BULL.

